فصلنامه مطالعات روان شناسی ورزشی
پیاپی 39 (بهار 1401)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the main dimensions of participating in sport in girls and boys aged 14 to 17 years from eighteen high schools at three, five, six, seven and thirteen Tehran educational zones. After distributing questionnaires which contain: feedback and reinforcement, motivational orientation, perceived competence scale, sport emotion and sport motivation among 813 adolescents who studied in high school degree in Tehran, data were collected for analysis. MANOVA test showed the gender was not effective in feedback and reinforcement, perceived competence and internal and external motivation while it was effective in emotional states and goal orientation. Chi-square test revealed that parents' sport experience and education were effective in motivation, while mother's education and parental occupation did not affect sport participation among adolescents. Multivariate regression revealed that internal and external motivation, feedback and reinforcement, goal orientation, emotional states, perceived competence and gender predicted sport participation motivation.

the purpose of the present the study was to investigate the effect of grit steps on exercise self-efficacy and participatory performance in elite athletes.The statistical sample was equal to the statistical population that finally, 228 questionnaires were collected.To collect data,the following questionnaires were used: participatory performance (Felts and Lirg,1998), exercise self-efficacy (Bandura,1997) and grit steps (Duckworth,2007).The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and the structural equation modeling method.The results showed that grit steps have a significant positive effect on participatory performance and exercise self-efficacy.Regard to the standardized regression coefficients, it was observed that the grit steps effect coefficients on participatory performance and exercise self-efficacy was 0.406 and 0.483,respectively.In addition,grit steps have a significant and positive effect on the exercise self-efficacy of athletes through the mediator variable of participatory performance.Therefore,considering the grit steps factor is very important as one of the indices in success and improving the athletic performance

Positive effects of doing exercise on physiological factors is evident, and findings of cognitive and psychological effects of exercise are expanding. Nowadays, aerobics has become very popular among females. The present study aimed to investigate predictability of aerobics trainers and inactive females via cognitive, perceptual, and attentional variables. To this end, 160 females of Tabriz (19-50 years old) were selected through a random cluster sampling technique. The Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), spatial cueing test, and short form of Physical Self-Descriptive Questionnaire were used to measure variables and discriminant analysis used for data analyzing. The results showed that all the memory, attention and some of the physical self-perceived features could predict aerobics trainers and inactive females with different percentages; the physical self-perceived variable was the best predictor of aerobics trainers and inactive females. It seems that the effects of exercise on physical self-perception factors is more than cognitive and attention factors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of one type physical fatigue on the mental imagery ability in skill athletes with emphasis on duration of movement. Thirty skilled athletes were randomly assigned into two groups of fatigue and control. Pre-test and post-test measures included internal vision external and motor vision. The experimental group performed the exercise protocol for fatigue (running at 70% of maximum heart-rate until fatigue), while the control group did not do any physical activity. The results revealed that one-part fatigue significantly reduced the accuracy of imaging. In both tasks, the accuracy of external visual imagery was higher than that of the internal visual imagery, and the accuracy of internal visual imagery was higher than that of the motion. Also, fatigue did not have a significant effect on clarity of short and long task mental imagery. Finally, fatigue had no significant effect on controllability of short and long task mental imagery.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of functional training and active video games on psychological refractory period (PRP in elderly women. For this purpose, 36 healthy elderly women (M=66 years) were selected randomly and assigned into two experimental (functional training and active video game) groups and one control group. The experimental groups participated in an intervention for six weeks. PRP was assessed by the PRP Software before and after the interventions. The tests again were carried out two months after the post test, as a follow-up test.Repeated measure showed that both interventions significantly improved the psychological refractory period with both short and long stimulus onset asynchronies. It was a significant difference between the two methods in (SOA = 1000) in favor of the video game intervention. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in the follow-up test in this variable with short SOA, but in long SOA the active video game group showed a significant decrease. It can be concluded that active video games can improve the psychological refractory period more than functional training.

This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing exclusion from sports environments from perspective of the staff of Sports and Youth Administration in Western Iran. Statistical population of the present study in qualitative phase included 16 faculty members and experts selected by snowball sampling method. In quantitative phase, the staff of sports and youth administrations in cities of Kermanshah, Ilam, Sanandaj, and Hamedan was selected as the study sample. After compiling the questionnaire, it was distributed among 300 people in various ways, such as sending e-mail, face-to-face referral, faxing, etc. A total of 268 questionnaires were provided to the researcher for analysis without any problems. The results of exploratory and confirmatory analysis showed that there are 11 factors influencing exclusion from sports environments including adaptability, culture, rules and regulations, individual-related factors, talent and ability, behavioral-related factors, inequality, communication, psychological capital, performance, and conflict.

The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of participation in sports-based leisure activities on social empowerment and social development of school teachers. The method of the present study was descriptive-analytical and was a causal method based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all school teachers in Bushehr province, but an accurate and comprehensive number of them was not available. Therefore, based on the Cochran sample size formula, 384 people were identified as the research sample. After distributing and collecting research questionnaires, 321 questionnaires were analyzed. The sampling method in the present study was random clusters according to the geographical areas of Bushehr province. Data collection tools in the present study included three questionnaires of leisure status based on sports Karimian et al. (2013), social empowerment of Merle et al. (2011) and social development of Ellis and Itzman (1990). The statistical method used in the present study included the structural equation method. The results showed that participation in sports-based leisure activities has a significant effect on social empowerment of 0.498. The results showed that participation in sports-based leisure activities has a significant effect on social development of 0.527.

Although, facilities are not enough to exercise, but there is an urgent need to create new design methods in order to make sports centers more effective and attractive. In designing sports facilities, aesthetic aspects should also be considered in addition to technical aspects. Therefore, the present study was conducted to study the role of aesthetic dimensions in sports places in attracting people to sports in Tajik citizens. For this purpose, after gathering theoretical foundations and interviewing the experts in the fields of sport places management and sports psychology, target items were identified, were compiled in the form of a questionnaire, and were distributed among 350 Tajik citizens. The results of the second-order exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that form, light, space, harmony, and color of sport places are the most important aesthetic dimensions of sport places in attracting Tajik citizens to sports, respectively.

The aim of this study was to describe the profile of the Perceived Physical Fitness Scale among Iranian students. For this purpose, 13278 people (5153 men and 8125 women) with a mean age of 21.51 ± 5.01 in 3 age groups (under 20 years, 20-29 and over 30 years) participated in this study and completed the Perceived Physical Fitness Scale. The results showed that the overall mean of Perceived Physical Fitness in the age group of <20 years was 32.82 ± 4.89, in 20-29 years was 32.92 ± 4.84, and in the age group over 30 years was 32.88 ± 5.14 . Regardless of age, the 25, 50, and 75 percentage points were 30, 33, and 36, respectively. Therefore, according to the present results, it is possible to identify people in the perception of physical fitness and, if necessary, take solutions for those people who have a low perception of physical fitness.

The purpose of this study was to explain the correlational model Organizational Ethical Culture with professional ethics in sport coaches. 185 coaches from various sports were selected using simple random sampling method and completed the Organizational Ethical Culture Questionnaire and Professional Ethics Questionnaire of Sporting Coaches. The Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression model. So, respect to values and norms, coaching philosophy, humanistic relationship, interest to profession, applying collective wisdom and rule orientation were explained by the dimensions of Organizational Ethical Culture, respectively. The dimensions of Organizational Ethical Culture explained totally 11.9% of overall level professional ethics variance in sport coaches. With this in mind, in order to improve professional ethics, serious attention should be paid to the culture of organizational ethics.

The purpose of this study was to evaluation of the sports fan's enthusiasm model in Iranian Women's Basketball. The present study was a correlational description based on structural equation modeling and was applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study was the fans of the Iranian Women's Basketball Premier League. Due to the uncertainty of the number of fans, according to Morgan's table, the statistical sample size was 384 people and selected as the statistical sample. In this study, the fans' enthusiasm, intention to refer, and intention to buy, identification with the team and the expression of emotions, and positive emotions questionnaires were used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that positive emotions on participation management, socially desirable behaviors and performance tolerance in sports fans, identifying with the team on participation management, socially desirable behaviors and performance tolerance of sports fans and showing emotions on participation management, desirable behaviors Social and performance tolerance and participation management and socially desirable behaviors and performance tolerance had a significant effect on purchase intention. Participation management was significant with negative intention to refer and the effect of socially desirable behaviors with positive intention to refer were significant, it can be seen that factors such as engaging emotions, managing participation, and aligning the identities of the fans and their favorite team plays a significant role in the enthusiasm of the fans and also the continuation of this process.

The purpose of this study is to Designing Model Ethical decision-making of Physical Education Teachers of East Azarbaijan Province on Social Values. This is an applied, descriptive- analytical and Survey study. The he statistical population of the study was all physical education teachers in East Azerbaijan province. According to Kregsi and Morgan table, a sample of 384 was selected using Random-cluster sampling. The data were collected by ethical decision-making Questionnaire and social values questionnaire. The results showed that social values and its components have a positive and significant effect on the moral decision of physical education teachers. Despite the many factors that influence ethical decision making, the variables of responsibility, justice, fairness, and empathy with others go through professional ethics, and the more sensitive physical education teachers are to professional ethics, the better they can make ethical decisions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the employment of working memory in participatory dyad training on learning forehand table tennis skills of adolescent girls. Participants were selected convenience sampling form from 24 junior high school girls in Nahavand city and were randomly divided into two groups of low and high cognitive load. Both groups performed five sessions of participatory dyad training with their respective level of cognitive involvement that each session consisted of 20 sets of 3-minute with a 1-minute rest time between sets. The performance of table tennis forehand was measured in the pre-test, post-test, retention and transfer stages. The results showed that both low and high cognitive groups showed significant progress from pre-test to transfer; Also, the high cognitive group performed better in the post-test, retention and transfer stages than the low cognitive group. Therefore, high cognitive load during the participatory dyad training facilitates learning forehand table tennis skills.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model of individual-psychological and cultural factors affecting succession in the Deputy of Physical Education and Health of the Ministry of Education.The present study is applied in terms of purpose and was conducted by a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and in the framework of descriptive-survey research.The statistical population is 15 experts and in the quantitative section, all managers and experts of physical education and health.The Ministry of Education and the General Directorate of Health were subordinated to 400 people based on stratified random sampling using the Cochran's formula.The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire obtained by Delphi method, which included 27 factors affecting the development of succession breeding, the validity of which was confirmed by 10 male experts and its reliability was confirmed by Krubach alpha test (α=0.93).Data analysis by Delphi method and regression path analysis and bootstrap procedure has been used for significance and path coefficients have been used to determine the effect. Also, convergence and differential method has been used to measure validity with pls software. Based on the findings and opinions of experts, the calculated model of succession management system includes five themes of systemic cultural, bedrock, individual-psychological factors, organizational factors, process factors and 27 sub-indicators.It can be said that creating a cultural context, establishing a system of talent management and strengthening meritocracy in the framework of training and development of skills and using a performance appraisal system will greatly contribute to the development of succession breeding.

COVID-19 has caused psychological problems in athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Corona Disease Anxiety (CDA) and the role of sport mindfulness and mental toughness in predicting it in bodybuilding athletes. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all bodybuilding athletes in Malayer, from which 267 athletes were selected by convenience sampling method. The CDA, Sport Mindfulness and Mental Toughness scales were used to collect the data. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 40.82% of bodybuilding athletes had moderate to severe CDA. The results of stepwise regression showed that sport mindfulness (refocusing) and mental toughness (control and challenge) played a significant role in predicting CDA. According to the results, sports psychologist's attention to psychological problems, especially CDA in bodybuilding athletes in the COVID-19 outbreak is necessary to be able to provide the necessary planning for psychological training based on sport mindfulness and mental toughness to reduce CDA.

The purpose of this study was to examine the similarity and/or differences of underlying mechanisms of physical and mental practice. For this purpose 60 person were participated in this study which randomly divided into three physical practice, physical practice and mental part practice, and physical practice and whole mental practice groups. The goal task in this study was a gymnastic routine. It was argued that if physical practice and mental practice have similar underlying mechanisms then mental part practice should be more effective for learning this task than whole mental practice. According to the grouping, participants practiced the task for two days (40 trials each). 72 hours later retention test was performed. Results showed that the mental part practice was more effective for learning this task than mental whole practice and performance of this group was lower than pure physical practice group. These results showed the similarity of underlying mechanisms of physical and mental practice.